よむ、つかう、まなぶ。
【参考資料３】【英版R4.1.17】Nippon AMR One Health Report (NAOR) 2020 (56 ページ)
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As EUCAST has not set a BP for GM, the JVARM value (midpoint of a bimodal MIC distribution obtained in FY2002) was used.
4) Wild animals
Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted on 963 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from 475 wild
animals (525 strains from 242 deer; 224 strains from 112 wild boar; 199 strains from 113 small mammals
(including brown rats, black rats, large Japanese field mice, and Japanese shrew moles); 10 strains from 4 badgers;
3 strains from 2 feral cattle ((Japanese native cattle Kuchinoshima-Ushi); and 2 strains from 2 Amami rabbits)
within Japan between 2013 and 2017. Strains isolated from deer and wild boar demonstrated resistance to 8 agents,
while those isolated from small mammals showed resistance to 10 agents. Resistant bacteria were observed in
5.9% of strains isolated from deer, with resistance to tetracycline (TC, 4.4%) highest, followed by colistin (1.5%),
ABPC, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (ST, 0.8%). Resistance was observed in 8.0% of strains isolated from
wild boar, with resistance to TC (4.0%) highest, followed by ABPC (3.6%), and CP (1.8%). Resistant strains
accounted for 18.1% of strains isolated from small mammals, with resistance to ABPC and TC (12.6% in both
cases) highest, followed by ST (11.6%). In particular, in the case of small mammals, most of antimicrobialresistant strains were observed in strains from facilities related to food-producing livestock, with resistance to
ABPC, ST, TC, and NA observed to be in excess of 10%. However, resistance to only 2 agents (TC and ST) was
found in strains isolated from urban areas and no resistance to any of the 12 agents monitored was found in strains
isolated from mountainous areas. Bacteria producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) were observed in
1 strain isolated from small mammals (livestock facility) and the ESBL was found to be CTX-M-1.
While the effects of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria contamination of habitats can be seen in the distribution of
resistant bacteria in land-dwelling wild animals, the rates are low compared with food-producing animals and
companion animals. Antimicrobial-resistant bacterial contamination of the mountainous areas that form the main
habitat of the deer and wild boar covered by this study appeared to be low.
Table 69. Resistance rates of Escherichia coli derived from wild animals (%)
Subtotal
Mountains
Livestock
facilities
Urban areas
Mountains
Subtotal
Badgers
Kuchinoshima
cattle
Amami rabbits
Other
Parks
Number
of
strains
Number
resistant
Resistan
ce rate
(%)
ABPC
(32)
CEZ
(32)
CTX
(4)
MEPM
(2)
GM
(16)
KM
(64)
TC
(16)
NA
(32)
CPFX
(2)
CL
(4)
CP
(32)
ST
(76/4)
Small mammals
Shrines
Agent
(BP)
Wild boar
Mountains
Deer
327
102
96
525
224
106
47
46
199
10
3
2
15
5
11
31
18
30
6
0
36
4
2
1
4.6
4.9
11.5
5.9
8.0
28.3
14.0
0
18.1
40.0
66.7
50.0
0.6
2.0
0
0.8
3.6
23.6
0
0
12.6
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.8
0
0
1.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.9
0
0
1.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.3
0
0
0.2
0.4
2.8
0
0
1.5
0
0
0
0.9
0
0
0.6
1.3
5.7
0
0
3.0
20
0
0
3.1
2.0
11.5
4.4
4.0
17.9
12.8
0
12.6
20
33.3
0
0.9
0
0
0.6
0.9
11.3
0
0
6.0
0
0
0
0.3
0
0
0.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.2
2.9
1.0
1.5
1.3
3.8
0
0
2.0
10
33.3
50
0
0
0
0
1.8
1.9
0
0
1.0
0
0
0
0.6
2.0
0
0.8
0.9
18.9
6.4
0
11.6
0
0
0
Source: Asai T, Usui M, Sugiyama M, Izumi K, Ikeda T, Andoh M. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates obtained from
wild mammals between 2013 and 2017 in Japan. J Vet Med Sci. 82(3):345-349, 2020.
55
As EUCAST has not set a BP for GM, the JVARM value (midpoint of a bimodal MIC distribution obtained in FY2002) was used.
4) Wild animals
Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted on 963 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from 475 wild
animals (525 strains from 242 deer; 224 strains from 112 wild boar; 199 strains from 113 small mammals
(including brown rats, black rats, large Japanese field mice, and Japanese shrew moles); 10 strains from 4 badgers;
3 strains from 2 feral cattle ((Japanese native cattle Kuchinoshima-Ushi); and 2 strains from 2 Amami rabbits)
within Japan between 2013 and 2017. Strains isolated from deer and wild boar demonstrated resistance to 8 agents,
while those isolated from small mammals showed resistance to 10 agents. Resistant bacteria were observed in
5.9% of strains isolated from deer, with resistance to tetracycline (TC, 4.4%) highest, followed by colistin (1.5%),
ABPC, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (ST, 0.8%). Resistance was observed in 8.0% of strains isolated from
wild boar, with resistance to TC (4.0%) highest, followed by ABPC (3.6%), and CP (1.8%). Resistant strains
accounted for 18.1% of strains isolated from small mammals, with resistance to ABPC and TC (12.6% in both
cases) highest, followed by ST (11.6%). In particular, in the case of small mammals, most of antimicrobialresistant strains were observed in strains from facilities related to food-producing livestock, with resistance to
ABPC, ST, TC, and NA observed to be in excess of 10%. However, resistance to only 2 agents (TC and ST) was
found in strains isolated from urban areas and no resistance to any of the 12 agents monitored was found in strains
isolated from mountainous areas. Bacteria producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) were observed in
1 strain isolated from small mammals (livestock facility) and the ESBL was found to be CTX-M-1.
While the effects of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria contamination of habitats can be seen in the distribution of
resistant bacteria in land-dwelling wild animals, the rates are low compared with food-producing animals and
companion animals. Antimicrobial-resistant bacterial contamination of the mountainous areas that form the main
habitat of the deer and wild boar covered by this study appeared to be low.
Table 69. Resistance rates of Escherichia coli derived from wild animals (%)
Subtotal
Mountains
Livestock
facilities
Urban areas
Mountains
Subtotal
Badgers
Kuchinoshima
cattle
Amami rabbits
Other
Parks
Number
of
strains
Number
resistant
Resistan
ce rate
(%)
ABPC
(32)
CEZ
(32)
CTX
(4)
MEPM
(2)
GM
(16)
KM
(64)
TC
(16)
NA
(32)
CPFX
(2)
CL
(4)
CP
(32)
ST
(76/4)
Small mammals
Shrines
Agent
(BP)
Wild boar
Mountains
Deer
327
102
96
525
224
106
47
46
199
10
3
2
15
5
11
31
18
30
6
0
36
4
2
1
4.6
4.9
11.5
5.9
8.0
28.3
14.0
0
18.1
40.0
66.7
50.0
0.6
2.0
0
0.8
3.6
23.6
0
0
12.6
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.8
0
0
1.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.9
0
0
1.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.3
0
0
0.2
0.4
2.8
0
0
1.5
0
0
0
0.9
0
0
0.6
1.3
5.7
0
0
3.0
20
0
0
3.1
2.0
11.5
4.4
4.0
17.9
12.8
0
12.6
20
33.3
0
0.9
0
0
0.6
0.9
11.3
0
0
6.0
0
0
0
0.3
0
0
0.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1.2
2.9
1.0
1.5
1.3
3.8
0
0
2.0
10
33.3
50
0
0
0
0
1.8
1.9
0
0
1.0
0
0
0
0.6
2.0
0
0.8
0.9
18.9
6.4
0
11.6
0
0
0
Source: Asai T, Usui M, Sugiyama M, Izumi K, Ikeda T, Andoh M. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates obtained from
wild mammals between 2013 and 2017 in Japan. J Vet Med Sci. 82(3):345-349, 2020.
55