よむ、つかう、まなぶ。
08【参考資料３】International Coalition of Medicines Regulatory Authorities SARS-CoV-2 Variant Workshop（Thursday 30 June 2022） (2 ページ)
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| 公開元URL | https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/newpage_26922.html |
| 出典情報 | 厚生科学審議会 予防接種・ワクチン分科会（第33回 7／22）《厚生労働省》 |
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1
that the Omicron lineages are clearly antigenically distinct from earlier VOCs.
2
Omicron BA.4/BA.5 are associated with additional immune escape based on
3
published data in individuals either vaccinated or vaccinated and previously
4
infected.
5
6
Currently used mRNA vaccines based on the ancestral (index) virus still perform
7
well against severe disease, but waning efficacy is observed, most noticeably for
8
protection against infection and symptomatic disease. Vaccine efficacy has
9
decreased with time since last dose administered and against recent VOCs,
10
particularly Omicron. Booster doses largely restore protection, especially against
11
severe disease and death and potentially against serious complications like long
12
COVID-19.
13
14
Waning immunity in the population together with the ongoing emergence of novel
15
variants deviating from the ancestral virus results in an increased risk of significant
16
COVID-19 outbreaks. A vaccine composition update would be expected to
17
provide additional protection against current and future variants, some of which
18
are now rather distant from the ancestral (index) virus.
19
20
Repeated exposure to SARS-CoV-2 antigens (vaccination/infection) enhances
21
not only the magnitude but also the breadth of the antibody response. In addition,
22
Moderna and Pfizer both presented preliminary data on neutralizing antibodies
23
induced by their mRNA vaccines to contain Omicron. Vaccination of previously
24
uninfected adults with a bivalent mRNA vaccine (encoding for ancestral as well as
25
the Omicron BA.1 S protein) appears to result in titers of neutralizing antibodies
26
against Omicron BA.1 that are 1.5 to 2-fold higher than with the ancestral virus-
27
based mRNA vaccine currently used. A monovalent vaccine as a booster can
28
produce robust immunity especially against the homologous strain included in the
29
vaccine, but in a primary series clinical study a monovalent BA.1 vaccine showed
30
a narrow breadth of immunity across other strains. Data in animals can provide
31
additional insight into the type of immunity induced by different vaccine
32
compositions ahead of results from clinical trials. More data with respect to
2
that the Omicron lineages are clearly antigenically distinct from earlier VOCs.
2
Omicron BA.4/BA.5 are associated with additional immune escape based on
3
published data in individuals either vaccinated or vaccinated and previously
4
infected.
5
6
Currently used mRNA vaccines based on the ancestral (index) virus still perform
7
well against severe disease, but waning efficacy is observed, most noticeably for
8
protection against infection and symptomatic disease. Vaccine efficacy has
9
decreased with time since last dose administered and against recent VOCs,
10
particularly Omicron. Booster doses largely restore protection, especially against
11
severe disease and death and potentially against serious complications like long
12
COVID-19.
13
14
Waning immunity in the population together with the ongoing emergence of novel
15
variants deviating from the ancestral virus results in an increased risk of significant
16
COVID-19 outbreaks. A vaccine composition update would be expected to
17
provide additional protection against current and future variants, some of which
18
are now rather distant from the ancestral (index) virus.
19
20
Repeated exposure to SARS-CoV-2 antigens (vaccination/infection) enhances
21
not only the magnitude but also the breadth of the antibody response. In addition,
22
Moderna and Pfizer both presented preliminary data on neutralizing antibodies
23
induced by their mRNA vaccines to contain Omicron. Vaccination of previously
24
uninfected adults with a bivalent mRNA vaccine (encoding for ancestral as well as
25
the Omicron BA.1 S protein) appears to result in titers of neutralizing antibodies
26
against Omicron BA.1 that are 1.5 to 2-fold higher than with the ancestral virus-
27
based mRNA vaccine currently used. A monovalent vaccine as a booster can
28
produce robust immunity especially against the homologous strain included in the
29
vaccine, but in a primary series clinical study a monovalent BA.1 vaccine showed
30
a narrow breadth of immunity across other strains. Data in animals can provide
31
additional insight into the type of immunity induced by different vaccine
32
compositions ahead of results from clinical trials. More data with respect to
2